Ringworm, despite its misleading name, is not caused by a worm, but rather by a group of fungi called dermatophytes. This highly contagious fungal infection can affect both dogs and cats, and even spread to humans. Let’s explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ringworm in your furry friends.
Understanding Ringworm
Ringworm is a skin infection caused by several species of fungi, most commonly Microsporum canis. These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments and feed on keratin, a protein found in the skin, hair, and nails.
Causes and Transmission
Ringworm spreads primarily through direct contact with an infected animal or contaminated objects. The fungal spores can survive in the environment for a long time, even up to 18 months, making indirect transmission possible. Young animals, those with weakened immune systems, and long-haired breeds are particularly susceptible.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Dogs: The most common symptom is circular or oval patches of hair loss, often on the face, ears, and legs. These patches may be crusty or inflamed. In some cases, the infection might affect the claws, making them brittle and deformed.
Cats: Ringworm in cats can be trickier to spot. You might notice a 'cigarette ash' scaling in the fur, round patches of hair loss, or thickened skin. Sometimes, the infection may be widespread or even asymptomatic, especially in long-haired breeds.
How do you know if your cat has ringworm?
In cats, be on the lookout for these signs4:
Circular or oval areas of hair loss
Broken and stubbly hair
Scaling or crusty skin
Changes in hair or skin color
Inflamed skin
Excessive grooming or scratching
Infected claws or nail beds
Dandruff
Diagnosis and Treatment
If you suspect your pet has ringworm, consult your veterinarian. They will likely perform a physical exam and may use diagnostic tests such as a Wood's lamp examination or a fungal culture to confirm the presence of the fungus.
How to treat ringworms in dogs?
Treatment typically involves a combination of2:
Topical medications: Antifungal shampoos, creams, or ointments applied to the affected areas.
Oral medications: For severe or widespread cases, your vet might prescribe oral antifungal drugs such as itraconazole or terbinafine.
Environmental decontamination: Thorough cleaning and disinfection of your pet's living space to prevent reinfection and spread.
What kills ringworm in cats fast?
While there's no instant cure, oral antifungal medications like itraconazole or terbinafine are considered the most effective way to quickly address ringworm in cats. Topical treatments like antifungal shampoos or creams can also help, but they may take longer to show results1.
Prevention is Key
Keep your pet's skin and coat clean and healthy.
Avoid contact with infected animals.
Boost your pet's immune system with a nutritious diet and regular veterinary care.
How contagious is ringworm from dog to human?
Ringworm is zoonotic, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. You can contract ringworm through direct contact with an infected dog or cat, or by touching contaminated objects or surfaces. If you have any cuts or scrapes on your skin, you're more susceptible to infection5.
If you notice any skin lesions on yourself, seek medical attention promptly. Practice good hygiene, like washing your hands after handling your pet, to minimize the risk of transmission.
The Bottom Line
Ringworm, while contagious and sometimes challenging to detect, is treatable. With proper diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures, you can safeguard both your pet's health and your own.
About the Author
Dr. Jennifer Sperry, a licensed vet and Medical Director at Independence Pet Group, is dedicated to educating pet parents about the importance of pet health and financial preparedness, bringing pet health information to a broad audience.
Ringworm in Cats. (n.d.). In VCA Animal Hospitals. Retrieved August 22, 2024, from https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/ringworm-in-cats
Ringworm in Dogs. (n.d.). In VCA Animal Hospitals. Retrieved August 22, 2024, from https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/ringworm-in-dogs
Ringworm in Dogs and Cats. (2021). In Symptoms & Treatment. https://www.embracepetinsurance.com/health/dermatophytosis-ringworm
Ringworm: A Serious but Readily Treatable Affliction. (n.d.). In Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved August 22, 2024, from https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/ringworm-serious-readily-treatable-affliction
Blue Cross. (2023). Ringworm in dogs. In Blue Cross. Blue Cross. https://www.bluecross.org.uk/advice/dog/health-and-injuries/ringworm-in-dogs
