Lyme disease, a tick-borne illness caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, poses a significant risk to dogs, particularly in areas where black-legged ticks are prevalent. While not all infected dogs develop symptoms, the disease can lead to serious complications if left untreated. This comprehensive guide aims to equip dog owners with the knowledge to recognize, prevent, and manage Lyme disease in their canine companions.
Understanding Lyme Disease
Lyme disease is transmitted through the bite of infected black-legged ticks, also known as deer ticks. These tiny arachnids thrive in wooded and grassy areas, particularly those near water sources. Once a tick attaches to a dog, it can transmit the Borrelia bacteria if it remains attached for at least 24-48 hours.
Symptoms & Identification
The challenge with Lyme disease is that many dogs remain asymptomatic, showing no signs of illness. However, when symptoms do appear, they typically manifest 2-5 months after infection and can include:
What are the first signs of Lyme disease in dogs?
The earliest signs of Lyme disease in dogs are often subtle and can easily be overlooked. These include1:
Shifting leg lameness: This is often the first noticeable symptom, where your dog may limp or favor one leg, and the lameness may move from one leg to another.
Fever: A low-grade fever is another early indicator of Lyme disease.
Lethargy and decreased appetite: Your dog may seem less energetic and less interested in food.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing Lyme disease can be tricky due to its varied symptoms and the possibility of asymptomatic infections. Your veterinarian will consider your dog's history of tick exposure, clinical signs, and blood tests that detect antibodies to the bacteria. Additional tests may be necessary to rule out other tick-borne diseases or complications.
Treatment
The good news is that Lyme disease is treatable with a course of antibiotics, typically doxycycline or amoxicillin, for around four weeks. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a successful outcome and to prevent long-term complications.
Prevention is Key
Preventing Lyme disease primarily involves minimizing your dog's exposure to ticks. Here are some effective strategies:
Tick Prevention Products: Use veterinarian-recommended tick preventives like topical treatments or oral medications.
Vaccination: Consider vaccinating your dog against Lyme disease, especially if you live in a high-risk area.
Tick Checks: Regularly inspect your dog for ticks, especially after spending time outdoors.
Prompt Tick Removal: If you find a tick, remove it immediately using proper techniques to reduce the risk of transmission.
Environmental Control: Keep your yard tidy and free of tall grass and brush to discourage tick populations.
What is the survival rate for dogs with Lyme disease?
The prognosis for dogs with Lyme disease is generally good with prompt treatment. Most dogs recover fully and experience no long-term effects. However, untreated Lyme disease can lead to serious complications like kidney failure, neurological problems, or heart issues, which can significantly impact a dog’s quality of life and may even be fatal3.
What happens if Lyme goes untreated in dogs?
If Lyme disease is left untreated, the bacteria can spread throughout the body, causing more severe and potentially irreversible damage. The most serious complication is Lyme nephritis, a kidney disease that can be fatal. Other potential complications include neurological problems like facial paralysis or seizures, and heart issues5.
Remember: Lyme disease is a serious threat to dogs. By understanding the risks, recognizing the symptoms, and taking proactive preventive measures, you can protect your furry companion from this debilitating illness.
About the author
Dr. Hon Seok Jeong, a DVM at Eagle Glen Veterinary Clinic reviewed this post. Eagle Glen Veterinary Clinic has been serving pets in LA since 1988! The vets and technicians have a passion for pet care and the skill to give excellent service! Visit https://www.instagram.com/eagleglen.vc/ or https://eagleglenvets.com/index.cfm for more.
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Lyme Disease in Dogs. (n.d.). In VCA Canada Animal Hospitals. Retrieved August 22, 2024, from https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/lyme-disease-in-dogs
Lyme Disease In Dogs. (n.d.). In Forbes Advisor. Retrieved August 22, 2024, from https://www.forbes.com/advisor/pet-insurance/pet-care/lyme-disease-in-dogs/
Lyme Disease in Dogs and Cats. (2021). In Embrace Pet Insurance. https://www.embracepetinsurance.com/health/lyme-disease
Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis) in Dogs - Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis) in Dogs. (n.d.). In Merck Veterinary Manual. Retrieved August 22, 2024, from https://www.merckvetmanual.com/dog-owners/disorders-affecting-multiple-body-systems-of-dogs/lyme-disease-lyme-borreliosis-in-dogs
